Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn. et al. GRIN-Global

Taxon: Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn. et al.

Summary

Genus:

Armoracia

Family:

Brassicaceae (alt. Cruciferae)

Tribe:

Cardamineae

Nomen number:

4234

Place of publication:

Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 2:426. 1800

Comment:

since this name was originally based on Cochlearia rusticana Lam., this was an illegitimate, superfluous name (Melbourne ICN Art. 52), so there is no parenthetical authorship (Melbourne ICN Art. 58)

Verified:

04/02/2012 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

0 (0 active, 0 available) in National Plant Germplasm System.

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Heterotypic Synonym(s)

Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib. ex Usteri
Cochlearia armoracia L.
Nasturtium armoracia (L.) Fr.
Radicula armoracia (L.) B. L. Rob.
Rorippa armoracia (L.) Hitchc.

No images

Reference(s)

Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. Flora of Libya. 1976-
Allan, H. H. B. et al. Flora of New Zealand. 1961-
Blumenthal, M., ed. The complete German Commission E monographs: therapeutic guide to herbal medicines. 1998
Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. 1998
Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
Dorofeev, V. 1996. pers. comm.
Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
Erhardt, W. et al. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. 2008
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
FNA Editorial Committee. Flora of North America. 1993-
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Fosberg, F. R. 1965. Nomenclature of the horseradish (Cruciferae). Baileya 13:1-4.
Fosberg, F. R. 1966. The correct name of the horseradish (Cruciferae). Baileya 14:60.
Foster, S. & C. Hobbs. A field guide to Western medicinal plants and herbs. 2002
Foster, S. & J. A. Duke. A field guide to medicinal plants: Eastern/Central North America, 2nd ed. 2000
Grellin, J. K. & J. Philpott. A reference guide to medicinal plants. 1990
Guzman, C. C. de & J. S. Siemonsma, eds. 1999. Spices. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 1989- 13:76-80.
Hanelt, P., ed. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001
Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992
Iwatsuki, K. et al. Flora of Japan. 1993-
Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. Atlas florae europaeae. 1972-
Kingsbury, J. M. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. 1964
Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Hortus third. 1976
Mansfeld, R. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2. 1959
Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000
Moerman, D. Native American ethnobotany, ed. 5. 1998
Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
Navrátilová, B. et al. 1997. Construction of intergeneric somatic hybrids between Brassica oleracea and Armoracia rusticana. Biol. Pl. 39:531-541.
Navrátilová, B. et al. 1997. Construction of intergeneric somatic hybrids between Brassica oleracea and Armoracia rusticana. Biol. Pl. 39:531-541.
Peirce, A. The American Pharmaceutical Association practical guide to natural medicines. 1999
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Rehm, S. & G. Espig. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics. 1991
Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
Van Wyk, B.-E. & M. Wink. Medicinal plants of the world. 2004
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Warwick, S.I. et al. Part III. Interspecific and intergeneric hybridization data. Guide to wild germplasm of Brassica and allied crops (Tribe Brassiceae, Brassicaceae), ed. 3 (on-line resource).
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Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994-

Common names

English
horseradish –
French
cran –
cranson –
mérédic –
raifort cran –
raifort sauvage –
German
Kren –
Meerrettich –
Italian
barba forte –
cren –
crenno –
Japanese Rōmaji
seiyō-wasabi –
uma-daikon –
wasabi-daikon –
Portuguese
rábano-picanto –
raiz-forte –
Spanish
rábano picante –
rábano rusticano –
Transcribed Chinese
la gen shu –

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State
1	Native	Europe	East Europe	Moldova
2	Cultivated
2	Cultivated	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa
2	Cultivated	Asia-Temperate	China	China
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Indonesia
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Malaysia
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Malesia	Philippines
2	Cultivated	Australasia	New Zealand	New Zealand
2	Cultivated	Europe	Middle Europe	Austria
2	Cultivated	Europe	Middle Europe	Belgium
2	Cultivated	Europe	Middle Europe	Germany
2	Cultivated	Europe	Northern Europe	Ireland
2	Cultivated	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy
2	Cultivated	Northern America		Canada
2	Cultivated	Northern America		United States
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Armenia
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Hebei
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Heilongjiang
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Jiangsu
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Jilin
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Liaoning
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan	Hokkaido
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan	Honshu
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Turkmenistan
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Russian Far East	Russian Federation-Far East	Far East
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia	Eastern Siberia
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation-Western Siberia	Western Siberia
4	Naturalized	Australasia	New Zealand	New Zealand
4	Naturalized	Europe	East Europe	Belarus
4	Naturalized	Europe	East Europe	Estonia
4	Naturalized	Europe	East Europe	Latvia
4	Naturalized	Europe	East Europe	Lithuania
4	Naturalized	Europe	East Europe	Russian Federation-European part	European part
4	Naturalized	Europe	East Europe	Ukraine
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Austria
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Belgium
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Czech Republic
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Germany
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Hungary
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Netherlands
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Poland
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Switzerland
4	Naturalized	Europe	Northern Europe	Denmark
4	Naturalized	Europe	Northern Europe	Finland
4	Naturalized	Europe	Northern Europe	Ireland
4	Naturalized	Europe	Northern Europe	Norway
4	Naturalized	Europe	Northern Europe	Sweden
4	Naturalized	Europe	Northern Europe	United Kingdom
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Albania
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Bosnia and Herzegovina
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Bulgaria
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Croatia
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Greece
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	North Macedonia
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Romania
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Serbia
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Slovenia
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Turkey	Kirklareli
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southwestern Europe	France
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	New Brunswick
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Nova Scotia
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Ontario
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Prince Edward Island
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Quebec
4	Naturalized	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Illinois
4	Naturalized	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Iowa
4	Naturalized	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Minnesota
4	Naturalized	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Missouri
4	Naturalized	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Nebraska
4	Naturalized	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	North Dakota
4	Naturalized	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	South Dakota
4	Naturalized	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Wisconsin
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Connecticut
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Indiana
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Maine
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Massachusetts
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Michigan
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New Hampshire
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New Jersey
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New York
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Ohio
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Pennsylvania
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Rhode Island
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Vermont
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	West Virginia
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Colorado
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Idaho
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Montana
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Oregon
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Washington
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Wyoming
4	Naturalized	Northern America	South-Central U.S.A.	United States	New Mexico
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	North Carolina
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Tennessee
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Virginia
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	California
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	Utah
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Western Canada	Canada	British Columbia
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Western Canada	Canada	Manitoba
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Western Canada	Canada	Saskatchewan
6	Other

Native
Europe

EAST EUROPE: Moldova

Cultivated

REGION:

Africa

SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa

Asia-Temperate

CHINA: China

Asia-Tropical

MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines

Australasia

NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand

Europe

MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Germany
NORTHERN EUROPE: Ireland
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Italy

Northern America

REGION: Canada, United States

Naturalized
Asia-Temperate

CAUCASUS: Armenia
CHINA: China [Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning]
EASTERN ASIA: Japan [Hokkaido, Honshu]
MIDDLE ASIA: Turkmenistan
RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation-Far East [Far East]
SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]

Australasia

NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand

Europe

EAST EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine
MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland
NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Sweden
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Croatia, Italy, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey [Kirklareli]
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France

Northern America

EASTERN CANADA: Canada [Quebec, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick]
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin]
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia]
NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming]
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [New Mexico]
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia]
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [California, Utah]
WESTERN CANADA: Canada [Saskatchewan, Manitoba, British Columbia]

Other ()

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Reference
Food additives	flavoring	Rehm, S. & G. Espig. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics. 1991
Materials	chemicals	Guzman, C. C. de & J. S. Siemonsma, eds. 1999. Spices. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 1989- 13:76-80.
Medicines	folklore	McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000
Vertebrate poisons	mammals	Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. 1998
Weed		FNA Editorial Committee. Flora of North America. 1993-

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://ausgenebank.agriculture.vic.gov.au/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=4234. Accessed 18 December 2025.