Summary
Place of publication:
G. Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt._Eur. 4(1):201. 1918
Verified:
04/01/2010
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. Flora of Libya. 1976-
- Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
- Eriksson, O. et al. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 2. 1979
- FitzJohn, R. G. et al. 2007. Hybridisation within Brassica and allied genera: evaluation of potential for transgene escape. Euphytica 158:209-230.
- FNA Editorial Committee. Flora of North America. 1993-
- Girija, T. & Tabish. Flowers of India (on-line resource).
- Greuter, W. et al., eds. Med-Checklist. 1984-
- Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. Flora of Ethiopia. 1989- (and Eritrea. 2000)
- Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. 2008
- Iwatsuki, K. et al. Flora of Japan. 1993-
- Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75. 1999
- Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. Flora of Siberia (English translation). 2000-
- Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
- Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
- Pignone, D. & C. Gómez-Campo. 2011. Chapter 8. Eruca. Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, oilseeds. 2011 145-160.
- Qiong, H. et al. 2009. Chapter 13. Introgression of genes from wild crucifers. Biology and breeding of Crucifers. 2009 261-308.
- Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
- Rollins, R. C. & I. A. Al-Shehbaz. 1986. Weeds of south-west Asia in North America with special reference to the Cruciferae. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 89B:294.
- Rollins, R. C. The Cruciferae of continental North America. 1993
- Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. Flora of India. 1993-
- Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
- van Treuren, R. et al. 2011. Genetic resources collections of leafy vegetables (lettuce, spinach, chicory, artichoke, asparagus, lamb's lettuce, rhubarb and rocket salad): composition and gaps. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. DOI: 10.1007/s10722-011-9738-x
- Warwick, S. I. et al. 2006. Brassicaceae: Species checklist and database on CD-Rom. Pl. Syst. Evol. 259:249-258.
- Warwick, S. I. et al. 2007. Genetic variation in Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. Pl. Genet. Resources Charact. Util. 5:142-153.
- Warwick, S. I. et al. 2007. Genetic variation in Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. Pl. Genet. Resources Charact. Util. 5:142-153.
- Warwick, S. I. et al. 2009. PART III. Interspecific and intergeneric hybridization data. Guide to wild germplasm of Brassica and allied crops (Tribe Brassiceae, Brassicaceae), ed. 3 (on-line resource). 1-91.
- Warwick, S. I. 1995. New taxonomic views within Eruca and Diplotaxis genera in the light of hybridization and molecular findings. In S. Padulosi, ed., Rocket Genetic Resources Network. Report of the first meeting, Lisbon, Portugal. Rocket Genet. Res. Netw. 22-35.
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994-
- PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Common names
English
arugula – edible rocket – garden rocket – Italian cress – rocket – rocket-salad – Roman rocket – rugula – salad rocket – Arabic
gargir – girgir – jirjeer – Danish
salatsennep – French
roquette – German
Ölrauke – Garten-Senfrauke – Rauke – Rukola – Senfrauke – India
jamba – taramira – Italian
ruca – ruchetta – rucola – Malay
rucola – Polish
rokietta siewna – Portuguese
rábano-silvestre – Russian
mindau – Spanish
oruga común – roqueta – Swedish
senapskål – Transcribed Chinese
zhi ma cai – Turkish
roka –
Distribution
| order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
| 1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Chad | | |
| 1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Algeria | | |
| 1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Egypt | | |
| 1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Libya | | |
| 1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Morocco | | |
| 1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Tunisia | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Armenia | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Azerbaijan | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation | Dagestan | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia | Ciscaucasia | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Gansu | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Guangdong | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Hebei | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Heilongjiang | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Jiangsu | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Liaoning | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Nei Mongol | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Shaanxi | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Shanxi | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Sichuan | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Xinjiang | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Turkmenistan | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Mongolia | Mongolia | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Afghanistan | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Cyprus | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iran | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iraq | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Israel | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Jordan | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Lebanon | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Syria | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Turkey | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Pakistan | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | East Europe | Ukraine | Krym | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Bulgaria | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Greece | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Italy | Sardinia | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Italy | Sicily | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Romania | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Serbia | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | France | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Portugal | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Spain | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | | | | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Chad | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Eritrea | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Ethiopia | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Sudan | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | Africa | Northern Africa | Algeria | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | Africa | Northern Africa | Egypt | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | Africa | Northern Africa | Libya | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | Africa | Northern Africa | Morocco | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | Africa | Northern Africa | Tunisia | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Mali | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Mauritania | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Niger | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Pakistan | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | Europe | | Europe | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | Northern America | | Canada | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | Northern America | | United States | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Macaronesia | Portugal | Madeira Islands | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Macaronesia | Spain | Canary Islands | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Ethiopia | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Sudan | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Zimbabwe | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Bahrain | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Kuwait | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Oman | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Qatar | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Saudi Arabia | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | United Arab Emirates | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Yemen | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Japan | Honshu | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia | Eastern Siberia | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation-Western Siberia | Western Siberia | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Australasia | Australia | Australia | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Australasia | New Zealand | New Zealand | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | East Europe | Estonia | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | East Europe | Latvia | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | East Europe | Lithuania | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | East Europe | Russian Federation-European part | European part | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | East Europe | Ukraine | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | Middle Europe | Austria | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | Middle Europe | Germany | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | Middle Europe | Hungary | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | Middle Europe | Switzerland | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | Northern Europe | Norway | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | Northern Europe | Sweden | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Albania | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Bosnia and Herzegovina | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Croatia | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Italy | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Montenegro | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southeastern Europe | North Macedonia | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Romania | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Serbia | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Slovenia | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southwestern Europe | France | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Northern America | | Canada | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Northern America | | Mexico | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Northern America | | United States | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Southern South America | Argentina | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Southern South America | Chile | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Western South America | Ecuador | Loja | |
| 6 | Other | | | | | |
Native
Africa
-
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Chad
-
NORTHERN AFRICA:
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
-
CAUCASUS:
Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
-
CHINA:
China [Gansu, Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang]
-
MIDDLE ASIA:
Turkmenistan
-
MONGOLIA:
Mongolia
-
WESTERN ASIA:
Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
Pakistan
Europe
-
EAST EUROPE:
Ukraine [Krym]
-
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Bulgaria, Greece, Italy [Sardinia, Sicily], Romania, Serbia
-
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Spain, France, Portugal
Cultivated
Africa
-
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Chad
-
NORTHERN AFRICA:
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
-
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Mali, Mauritania, Niger
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
India, Pakistan
Europe
Northern America
-
REGION:
Canada, United States
Naturalized
Africa
-
MACARONESIA:
Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
-
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Ethiopia, Sudan
-
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA:
Zimbabwe
-
SOUTHERN AFRICA:
South Africa
Asia-Temperate
-
ARABIAN PENINSULA:
United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
-
EASTERN ASIA:
Japan [Honshu]
-
SIBERIA:
Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
India
Australasia
-
AUSTRALIA:
Australia
-
NEW ZEALAND:
New Zealand
Europe
-
EAST EUROPE:
Russian Federation-European part [European part], Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine
-
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Hungary
-
NORTHERN EUROPE:
Norway, Sweden
-
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
-
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
France
Northern America
-
REGION:
Canada, Mexico, United States
Southern America
-
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Argentina, Chile
-
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Ecuador [Loja]
Other
()
Economic Uses
| Usage | Type | Note | Reference |
| Animal food | fodder | | Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. Flora of Iraq. 1966- |
| Food additives | flavoring | | Warwick, S. I. et al. 2007. Genetic variation in Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. Pl. Genet. Resources Charact. Util. 5:142-153. |
| Human food | oil/fat | | Burkill, H. M. The useful plants of west tropical Africa. 1985-2004 |
| Human food | vegetable | | Warwick, S. I. et al. 2007. Genetic variation in Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. Pl. Genet. Resources Charact. Util. 5:142-153. |
| Weed | potential seed contaminant | | Rollins, R. C. The Cruciferae of continental North America. 1993 |
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System.
2024. Germplasm Resources Information Network
(GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://ausgenebank.agriculture.vic.gov.au/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=104951.
Accessed 9 December 2024.