Summary
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:454. 1753
Verified:
12/17/2009
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581. 1996
- Adams, C. Flowering plants of Jamaica. 1972
- Airy Shaw, H. K. 1975. The Euphorbiaceae of Borneo. Kew Bull. add. ser., 4:111.
- Airy Shaw, H. K. 1980. The Euphorbiaceae of New Guinea. Kew Bull. add. ser., 8:85.
- Allan, H. H. B. et al. Flora of New Zealand. 1961-
- Balakrishnan, N. P. & T. Chakrabarty. The family Euphorbiaceae in India; a synopsis of its profile, taxonomy and bibliography. 2007
- Berhaut, J. Flore illustrée du Senegal. 1971-
- Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. Flores des Mascareignes. 1976-
- Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45. 1993
- Catarino, L. et al. 2008. An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Blumea 53:53.
- Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. Flora of the Bahama archipelago. 1982
- Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. 1980-
- Exell, A. W. et al., eds. Flora zambesiaca. 1960-
- Figueiredo, E. & G. F. Smith. Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. 2008
- Florence, J. Flore de la Polynésie française. 1997-
- Fosberg, F. R. et al. Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae/ Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae. 1979-1982
- Funk, V. et al. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584. 2007
- Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14. 2003
- Ghazanfar, S. A. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2. 1992
- Govaerts, R. et al. World checklist and bibliography of Euphorbiaceae. 2000
- Grellin, J. K. & J. Philpott. A reference guide to medicinal plants. 1990
- Greuter, W. et al., eds. Med-Checklist. 1984-
- Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim. 1984-
- Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17. 1993
- Hara, H. et al. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. 1978-1982
- Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. Flora of Ethiopia. 1989- (and Eritrea. 2000)
- Hnatiuk, R. J. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11. 1990
- Howard, R. 1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles. 1974-1989 5:25.
- Iwatsuki, K. et al. Flora of Japan. 1993-
- Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75. 1999
- Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2. 1953-1972
- Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. 1993
- León (J. S. Sauget) & Alain (E. E. Liogier). Flora de Cuba. 1946-1962; suppl. 1969
- Lebrun, J.-P. et al. Catalogue des plantes vasculaires de la Republique de Djibouti. 1989
- Liogier, A. H. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-. 1981-
- Liogier, H. A. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands. 1984-
- Merrill, E. D. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants. 1922-1926
- Mouterde, P. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. 1966-
- Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
- Proctor, G. R. Flora of the Cayman Islands. Kew Bulletin Additional Series XI. 1984
- Radford, A. E. et al. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. 1964
- Reitz, R., ed. 1988. Flora ilustrada catarinense. 1965- 334.
- Riina, R. 2011. Review of Euphorbiaceae data for World Economic Plants, ed. 2. pers. comm. via e-mail on 11 Jan.
- Robertson, S. A. Flowering plants of Seychelles. 1989
- Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. Flora of Thailand. 1970-
- Steyermark, J. A. et al., eds. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. 1995-
- Thulin, M., ed. Flora of Somalia. 1993-
- Troupin, G. Flore du Rwanda. 1978-
- Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. Flora of tropical East Africa. 1952-
- Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource).
- Wagner, W. L. et al. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i. 1990
- Weakley, A. S. Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, and surrounding areas. 2007
- Wood, J. R. I. A handbook of the flora of Yemen. 1997
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994-
- Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. Flora palaestina. 1966-
- Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74. 1996, 1999
Common names
English
asthmaplant – garden spurge – pill-bearing spurge – Arabic
labeinah – Spanish
golondrina – hierba de boca – lecherón chico – lecherita – pichoga – yerba de sapo –
Distribution
order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
1 | Native | Northern America | | Mexico | | |
1 | Native | Northern America | South-Central U.S.A. | United States | New Mexico | |
1 | Native | Northern America | South-Central U.S.A. | United States | Texas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Alabama | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Florida | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Georgia | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Louisiana | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | South Carolina | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | Arizona | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Brazil | Brazil | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Antigua and Barbuda | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Barbados | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Dominica | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Grenada | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Guadeloupe | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Martinique | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Montserrat | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | St. Kitts and Nevis | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | St. Lucia | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | St. Vincent and Grenadines | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Trinidad and Tobago | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Belize | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Costa Rica | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | El Salvador | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Guatemala | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Honduras | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Nicaragua | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Panama | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Northern South America | French Guiana | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Northern South America | Guyana | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Northern South America | Suriname | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Northern South America | Venezuela | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Southern South America | Argentina | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Southern South America | Chile | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Southern South America | Paraguay | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Bolivia | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Colombia | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Ecuador | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Peru | | |
3 | Adventive | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Egypt | Sinai | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Tanzania | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Uganda | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Macaronesia | Cabo Verde | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Chad | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Djibouti | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Eritrea | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Ethiopia | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Somalia | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Angola | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Malawi | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Mozambique | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Zambia | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Zimbabwe | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | Botswana | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | Eswatini | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Eastern Cape | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Gauteng | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | KwaZulu-Natal | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Limpopo | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Mpumalanga | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | North West | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Benin | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Côte D'Ivoire | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Ghana | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Guinea | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Guinea-Bissau | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Liberia | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Mali | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Niger | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Nigeria | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Senegal | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Sierra Leone | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Togo | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Cameroon | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Central African Republic | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Equatorial Guinea | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Gabon | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Rwanda | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Zaire | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Western Indian Ocean | Madagascar | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Western Indian Ocean | Mauritius | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Western Indian Ocean | Reunion | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Western Indian Ocean | Seychelles | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Oman | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Yemen | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Fujian | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Guangdong | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Guangxi | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Guizhou | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Hainan | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Hunan | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Jiangxi | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Sichuan | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Yunnan | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Japan | Honshu | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Japan | Kyushu | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Japan | Ryukyu Islands | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Japan | Shikoku | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Taiwan | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Israel | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Lebanon | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Syria | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Bhutan | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Nepal | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Pakistan | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Sri Lanka | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indo-China | Myanmar | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indo-China | Thailand | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Malesia | Indonesia | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Malesia | Malaysia | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Malesia | Papua New Guinea | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Malesia | Philippines | | |
4 | Naturalized | Australasia | Australia | Australia | New South Wales | |
4 | Naturalized | Australasia | Australia | Australia | Northern Territory | |
4 | Naturalized | Australasia | Australia | Australia | Queensland | |
4 | Naturalized | Australasia | Australia | Australia | Western Australia | |
4 | Naturalized | Australasia | New Zealand | New Zealand | North Island | |
4 | Naturalized | Pacific | North-Central Pacific | United States | Hawaii | |
4 | Naturalized | Pacific | Northwestern Pacific | Guam | | |
4 | Naturalized | Pacific | Northwestern Pacific | Marshall Islands | | |
4 | Naturalized | Pacific | Northwestern Pacific | Micronesia | | |
4 | Naturalized | Pacific | Northwestern Pacific | Northern Mariana Islands | | |
4 | Naturalized | Pacific | Northwestern Pacific | U.S. Outlying Islands | Wake Island | |
4 | Naturalized | Pacific | South-Central Pacific | Cook Islands | | |
4 | Naturalized | Pacific | South-Central Pacific | French Polynesia | | |
4 | Naturalized | Pacific | South-Central Pacific | Pitcairn | | |
4 | Naturalized | Pacific | Southwestern Pacific | Kiribati | Gilbert Islands | |
Native
Northern America
-
REGION:
Mexico
-
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [New Mexico, Texas]
-
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, South Carolina]
-
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Arizona]
Southern America
-
BRAZIL:
Brazil
-
CARIBBEAN:
Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, Montserrat, Martinique, Trinidad and Tobago, St. Vincent and Grenadines
-
MESOAMERICA:
Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador
-
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
-
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Argentina, Chile, Paraguay
-
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Adventive
Asia-Temperate
-
WESTERN ASIA:
Egypt [Sinai]
Naturalized
Africa
-
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Tanzania, Uganda
-
MACARONESIA:
Cabo Verde
-
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Chad
-
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA:
Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
-
SOUTHERN AFRICA:
Botswana, Eswatini, South Africa [Eastern Cape, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West]
-
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Benin, Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
-
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA:
Central African Republic, Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda, Zaire
-
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN:
Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion, Seychelles
Asia-Temperate
-
ARABIAN PENINSULA:
Oman, Yemen
-
CHINA:
China [Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan]
-
EASTERN ASIA:
Japan [Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Islands, Shikoku], Taiwan
-
WESTERN ASIA:
Israel, Lebanon, Syria
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan
-
INDO-CHINA:
Myanmar, Thailand
-
MALESIA:
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea
Australasia
-
AUSTRALIA:
Australia [New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia]
-
NEW ZEALAND:
New Zealand [North Island]
Pacific
-
NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC:
United States [Hawaii]
-
NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC:
Micronesia, Guam, Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, U.S. Outlying Islands [Wake Island]
-
SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC:
Cook Islands, Pitcairn, French Polynesia
-
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC:
Kiribati [Gilbert Islands]
Economic Uses
Usage | Type | Note | Reference |
Medicines | folklore | | McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 |
Weed | | | Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. 1993 |
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System.
2024. Germplasm Resources Information Network
(GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://ausgenebank.agriculture.vic.gov.au/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=400051.
Accessed 20 September 2024.